4.Vue中的Ajax
4.1. Vue脚手架配置代理
本案例需要下载axios库：npm install axios
vue.config.js:
module.exports = {
pages: {
index: {
entry: 'src/main.js',
},
},
lintOnSave:false,
devServer: {
proxy: {
'/jojo': {
target: 'http://localhost:5000',
pathRewrite:{'^/jojo':''},
},
'/atguigu': {
target: 'http://localhost:5001',
pathRewrite:{'^/atguigu':''},
}
}
}
}
|
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div id="root">
<button @click="getStudents">获取学生信息</button><br/>
<button @click="getCars">获取汽车信息</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
name:'App',
methods: {
getStudents(){
axios.get('http://localhost:8080/jojo/students').then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了',response.data)
},
error => {
console.log('请求失败了',error.message)
}
)
},
getCars(){
axios.get('http://localhost:8080/atguigu/cars').then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了',response.data)
},
error => {
console.log('请求失败了',error.message)
}
)
}
}
}
</script>
|
效果：
总结：
vue脚手架配置代理服务器：
4.2. GitHub用户搜索案例
public/index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" href="<%= BASE_URL %>favicon.ico">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="<%= BASE_URL %>css/bootstrap.css">
<title><%= htmlWebpackPlugin.options.title %></title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
</body>
</html>
|
src/main.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate(){
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
|
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Search/>
<List/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Search from './components/Search.vue'
import List from './components/List.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Search,List},
}
</script>
|
src/components/Search.vue:
<template>
<section class="jumbotron">
<h3 class="jumbotron-heading">Search Github Users</h3>
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" v-model="keyWord"/>
<button @click="getUsers">Search</button>
</div>
</section>
</template>
<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
name:'Search',
data() {
return {
keyWord:''
}
},
methods: {
getUsers(){
//请求前更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:true,errMsg:'',users:[],isFirst:false})
axios.get(`https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${this.keyWord}`).then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了')
//请求成功后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:'',users:response.data.items})
},
error => {
//请求后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:error.message,users:[]})
}
)
}
}
}
</script>
|
src/components/List.vue:
<template>
<div class="row">
<!-- 展示用户列表 -->
<div class="card" v-show="info.users.length" v-for="user in info.users" :key="user.id">
<a :href="user.html_url" target="_blank">
<img :src="user.avatar_url" style='width: 100px'/>
</a>
<h4 class="card-title">{{user.login}}</h4>
</div>
<!-- 展示欢迎词 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isFirst">欢迎使用！</h1>
<!-- 展示加载中 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isLoading">加载中...</h1>
<!-- 展示错误信息 -->
<h1 v-show="info.errMsg">{{errMsg}}</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'List',
data() {
return {
info:{
isFirst:true,
isLoading:false,
errMsg:'',
users:[]
}
}
},
mounted(){
this.$bus.$on('updateListData',(dataObj)=>{
//动态合并两个对象的属性
this.info = {...this.info,...dataObj}
})
},
beforeDestroy(){
this.$bus.$off('updateListData')
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.album {
min-height: 50rem; /* Can be removed; just added for demo purposes */
padding-top: 3rem;
padding-bottom: 3rem;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
}
.card {
float: left;
width: 33.333%;
padding: .75rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
border: 1px solid #efefef;
text-align: center;
}
.card > img {
margin-bottom: .75rem;
border-radius: 100px;
}
.card-text {
font-size: 85%;
}
</style>
|
效果：
4.3. vue-resource
下载 vue-resource库：npm i vue-resource
src/main.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import vueResource from 'vue-resource'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(vueResource)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
beforeCreate(){
Vue.prototype.$bus = this
}
})
|
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Search/>
<List/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Search from './components/Search.vue'
import List from './components/List.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Search,List},
}
</script>
|
src/components/Search.vue:
<template>
<section class="jumbotron">
<h3 class="jumbotron-heading">Search Github Users</h3>
<div>
<input type="text" placeholder="enter the name you search" v-model="keyWord"/>
<button @click="getUsers">Search</button>
</div>
</section>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Search',
data() {
return {
keyWord:''
}
},
methods: {
getUsers(){
//请求前更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:true,errMsg:'',users:[],isFirst:false})
this.$http.get(`https://api.github.com/search/users?q=${this.keyWord}`).then(
response => {
console.log('请求成功了')
//请求成功后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:'',users:response.data.items})
},
error => {
//请求后更新List的数据
this.$bus.$emit('updateListData',{isLoading:false,errMsg:error.message,users:[]})
}
)
}
}
}
</script>
|
src/components/List.vue:
<template>
<div class="row">
<!-- 展示用户列表 -->
<div class="card" v-show="info.users.length" v-for="user in info.users" :key="user.id">
<a :href="user.html_url" target="_blank">
<img :src="user.avatar_url" style='width: 100px'/>
</a>
<h4 class="card-title">{{user.login}}</h4>
</div>
<!-- 展示欢迎词 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isFirst">欢迎使用！</h1>
<!-- 展示加载中 -->
<h1 v-show="info.isLoading">加载中...</h1>
<!-- 展示错误信息 -->
<h1 v-show="info.errMsg">{{errMsg}}</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'List',
data() {
return {
info:{
isFirst:true,
isLoading:false,
errMsg:'',
users:[]
}
}
},
mounted(){
this.$bus.$on('updateListData',(dataObj)=>{
this.info = {...this.info,...dataObj}
})
},
beforeDestroy(){
this.$bus.$off('updateListData')
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.album {
min-height: 50rem; /* Can be removed; just added for demo purposes */
padding-top: 3rem;
padding-bottom: 3rem;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
}
.card {
float: left;
width: 33.333%;
padding: .75rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
border: 1px solid #efefef;
text-align: center;
}
.card > img {
margin-bottom: .75rem;
border-radius: 100px;
}
.card-text {
font-size: 85%;
}
</style>
|
总结：
vue项目常用的两个Ajax库：
- axios：通用的Ajax请求库，官方推荐，效率高
- vue-resource：vue插件库，vue 1.x使用广泛，官方已不维护
4.4. slot插槽
4.4.1. 默认插槽
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" >
<img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg" alt="">
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" >
<ul>
<li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</Category>
<Category title="电影">
<video controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
</Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from './components/Category'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Category},
data() {
return {
games:['植物大战僵尸','红色警戒','空洞骑士','王国']
}
},
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.container{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
</style>
|
src/components/Category.vue:
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽（挖个坑，等着组件的使用者进行填充） -->
<slot>我是一些默认值，当使用者没有传递具体结构时，我会出现</slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title']
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>
|
4.4.2. 具名插槽
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="美食" >
<img slot="center" src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/01/16/srJlq0.jpg" alt="">
<a slot="footer" href="http://www.atguigu.com">更多美食</a>
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" >
<ul slot="center">
<li v-for="(g,index) in games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
<div class="foot" slot="footer">
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">单机游戏</a>
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">网络游戏</a>
</div>
</Category>
<Category title="电影">
<video slot="center" controls src="http://clips.vorwaerts-gmbh.de/big_buck_bunny.mp4"></video>
<template v-slot:footer>
<div class="foot">
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">经典</a>
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">热门</a>
<a href="http://www.atguigu.com">推荐</a>
</div>
<h4>欢迎前来观影</h4>
</template>
</Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from './components/Category'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Category},
data() {
return {
games:['植物大战僵尸','红色警戒','空洞骑士','王国']
}
},
}
</script>
<style>
.container,.foot{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
h4{
text-align: center;
}
</style>
|
src/components/Category.vue:
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽（挖个坑，等着组件的使用者进行填充） -->
<slot name="center">我是一些默认值，当使用者没有传递具体结构时，我会出现1</slot>
<slot name="footer">我是一些默认值，当使用者没有传递具体结构时，我会出现2</slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title']
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>
|
4.4.3. 作用域插槽
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Category title="游戏" >
<template scope="taichi">
<ul>
<li v-for="(g,index) in taichi.games" :key="index">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" >
<template scope="taichi">
<ol>
<li v-for="(g,index) in taichi.games" :key="index" style="color: red;">{{g}}</li>
</ol>
</template>
</Category>
<Category title="游戏" >
<template scope="taichi">
<h4 v-for="(g,index) in taichi.games" :key="index">{{g}}</h4>
</template>
</Category>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Category from './components/Category'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Category}
}
</script>
<style>
.container,.foot{
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
h4{
text-align: center;
}
</style>
|
src/components/Category.vue:
<template>
<div class="category">
<h3>{{title}}分类</h3>
<!-- 定义一个插槽（挖个坑，等着组件的使用者进行填充） -->
<slot :games="games">我是一些默认值，当使用者没有传递具体结构时，我会出现1</slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title'],
data() {
return {
games:['植物大战僵尸','红色警戒','空洞骑士','王国']
}
},
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.category{
background-color: skyblue;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
h3{
text-align: center;
background-color: orange;
}
video{
width: 100%;
}
img{
width: 100%;
}
</style>
|
总结：
插槽：
作用：让父组件可以向子组件==指定位置插入html结构==，也是一种组件间通信的方式，适用于==父组件== > ==子组件==
分类：默认插槽、具名插槽、作用域插槽
使用方式：
默认插槽：
父组件中：
<Category>
<div>html结构1</div>
</Category>
子组件中：
<template>
<div>
<slot>插槽默认内容...</slot>
</div>
</template>
|
具名插槽：
父组件中：
<Category>
<template slot="center">
<div>html结构1</div>
</template>
<template v-slot:footer>
<div>html结构2</div>
</template>
</Category>
子组件中：
<template>
<div>
<slot name="center">插槽默认内容...</slot>
<slot name="footer">插槽默认内容...</slot>
</div>
</template>
|
作用域插槽：
理解：==数据在组件的自身，但根据数据生成的结构需要组件的使用者来决定。==（games数据在Category组件中，但使用数据所遍历出来的结构由App组件决定）
具体编码：
父组件中：
<Category>
<template scope="scopeData">
<!-- 生成的是ul列表 -->
<ul>
<li v-for="g in scopeData.games" :key="g">{{g}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
</Category>
<Category>
<template slot-scope="scopeData">
<!-- 生成的是h4标题 -->
<h4 v-for="g in scopeData.games" :key="g">{{g}}</h4>
</template>
</Category>
子组件中：
<template>
<div>
<slot :games="games"></slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Category',
props:['title'],
//数据在子组件自身
data() {
return {
games:['红色警戒','穿越火线','劲舞团','超级玛丽']
}
},
}
</script>
|
5.Vuex
5.1. 理解Vuex
5.1.1. Vuex是什么
- 概念：专门在 Vue 中实现集中式状态（数据）管理的一个 **Vue 插件**，对 vue 应用中多个组件的共享状态进行集中式的管理（读/写），也是一种组件间通信的方式，且适用于任意组件间通信
- Vuex Github地址
- Vuex 官网
5.1.2. 什么时候使用Vuex
- 多个组件依赖于同一状态
- 来自不同组件的行为需要变更同一状态
5.1.3. Vuex工作原理图
5.2. 求和案例
下载vuex：npm i vuex
5.2.1. 使用纯vue编写
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Count/>
</div>
</template>
ue
<script>
import Count from './components/Count'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Count}
}
</script>
|
src/components/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{sum}}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
sum:0 //当前的和
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.sum += this.n
},
decrement(){
this.sum -= this.n
},
incrementOdd(){
if(this.sum % 2){
this.sum += this.n
}
},
incrementWait(){
setTimeout(()=>{
this.sum += this.n
},500)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
效果:
5.2.2. 搭建Vuex环境
下载 Vuex：npm i vuex
创建src/store/index.js：
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {}
const mutations = {}
const state = {}
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
})
|
在src/main.js中创建 vm 时传入store配置项：
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(Vuex)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
store
})
|
5.2.3. 使用Vuex编写
src/components/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
},
decrement(){
this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
},
incrementOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
},
incrementWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
src/store/index.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {
addOdd(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if(context.state.sum % 2){
context.commit('ADD',value)
}
},
addWait(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(()=>{
context.commit('ADD',value)
},500)
},
}
const mutations = {
ADD(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state,value){
state.sum -= value
}
}
const state = {
sum:0
}
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state
})
|
总结：
Vuex的基本使用：
初始化数据state，配置actions、mutations，操作文件store.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {
jia(context,value){
context.commit('JIA',value)
},
}
const mutations = {
JIA(state,value){
state.sum += value
}
}
const state = {
sum:0
}
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
})
|
组件中读取vuex中的数据：$store.state.sum
组件中修改vuex中的数据：$store.dispatch('action中的方法名',数据) 或 $store.commit('mutations中的方法名',数据)
备注：若没有网络请求或其他业务逻辑，组件中也可以越过actions，即不写dispatch，直接编写commit
5.3. getters配置项
src/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{$store.state.sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和的10倍为：{{$store.getters.bigSum}}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
},
decrement(){
this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
},
incrementOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
},
incrementWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
},
},
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
src/store/index.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {
addOdd(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if(context.state.sum % 2){
context.commit('ADD',value)
}
},
addWait(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(()=>{
context.commit('ADD',value)
},500)
},
}
const mutations = {
ADD(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state,value){
state.sum -= value
}
}
const state = {
sum:0
}
const getters = {
bigSum(){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
|
效果：
总结：
getters配置项的使用：
概念：当state中的数据需要经过加工后再使用时，可以使用getters加工
在store.js中追加getters配置
...
const getters = {
bigSum(state){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
export default new Vuex.Store({
...
getters
})
|
组件中读取数据：$store.getters.bigSum
5.4. 四个map方法的使用
5.4.1. mapState与mapGetters
src/store/index.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {
addOdd(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if(context.state.sum % 2){
context.commit('ADD',value)
}
},
addWait(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(()=>{
context.commit('ADD',value)
},500)
},
}
const mutations = {
ADD(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state,value){
state.sum -= value
}
}
const state = {
sum:0,
name:'JOJO',
school:'尚硅谷',
}
const getters = {
bigSum(){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
|
src/components/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和的10倍为：{{bigSum}}</h3>
<h3>我是{{name}}，我在{{school}}学习</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment">+</button>
<button @click="decrement">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState,mapGetters} from 'vuex'
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
increment(){
this.$store.commit('ADD',this.n)
},
decrement(){
this.$store.commit('SUBTRACT',this.n)
},
incrementOdd(){
this.$store.dispatch('addOdd',this.n)
},
incrementWait(){
this.$store.dispatch('addWait',this.n)
},
},
computed:{
// 借助mapState生成计算属性（数组写法）
// ...mapState(['sum','school','name']),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性（对象写法）
...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',name:'name'}),
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
}
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
效果：
总结：
mapState方法：用于帮助我们映射state中的数据
computed: {
...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',subject:'subject'}),
...mapState(['sum','school','subject']),
},
|
mapGetters方法：用于帮助我们映射getters中的数据
computed: {
...mapGetters({bigSum:'bigSum'}),
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
},
|
5.4.2. mapActions与mapMutations
src/components/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和的10倍为：{{bigSum}}</h3>
<h3>我是{{name}}，我在{{school}}学习</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState,mapGetters,mapMutations,mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
// 借助mapActions生成：increment、decrement（对象形式）
...mapMutations({increment:'ADD',decrement:'SUBTRACT'}),
// 借助mapActions生成：incrementOdd、incrementWait（对象形式）
...mapActions({incrementOdd:'addOdd',incrementWait:'addWait'})
},
computed:{
// 借助mapState生成计算属性（数组写法）
// ...mapState(['sum','school','name']),
// 借助mapState生成计算属性（对象写法）
...mapState({sum:'sum',school:'school',name:'name'}),
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
}
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
总结：
mapActions方法：用于帮助我们生成与actions对话的方法，即：包含$store.dispatch(xxx)的函数
methods:{
...mapActions({incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})
...mapActions(['jiaOdd','jiaWait'])
}
|
mapMutations方法：用于帮助我们生成与mutations对话的方法，即：包含$store.commit(xxx)的函数
methods:{
...mapMutations({increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}),
...mapMutations(['JIA','JIAN']),
}
|
备注：mapActions与mapMutations使用时，若需要传递参数，则需要在模板中绑定事件时传递好参数，否则参数是事件对象
5.5. 多组件共享数据
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div class="container">
<Count/>
<hr/>
<Person/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Count from './components/Count'
import Person from './components/Person'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Count,Person}
}
</script>
|
src/store/index.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const actions = {
addOdd(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if(context.state.sum % 2){
context.commit('ADD',value)
}
},
addWait(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(()=>{
context.commit('ADD',value)
},500)
},
}
const mutations = {
ADD(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state,value){
state.sum -= value
},
ADD_PERSON(state,value){
console.log('mutations中的ADD_PERSON被调用了')
state.personList.unshift(value)
}
}
const state = {
sum:0,
name:'JOJO',
school:'尚硅谷',
personList:[
{id:'001',name:'JOJO'}
]
}
const getters = {
bigSum(){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
export default new Vuex.Store({
actions,
mutations,
state,
getters
})
|
src/components/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和的10倍为：{{bigSum}}</h3>
<h3>我是{{name}}，我在{{school}}学习</h3>
<h3 style="color:red">Person组件的总人数是：{{personList.length}}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState,mapGetters,mapMutations,mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
...mapMutations({increment:'ADD',decrement:'SUBTRACT'}),
...mapActions({incrementOdd:'addOdd',incrementWait:'addWait'})
},
computed:{
...mapState(['sum','school','name','personList']),,
...mapGetters(['bigSum'])
}
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
src/components/Person.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h3 style="color:red">Count组件求和为：{{sum}}</h3>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{p.name}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'Person',
data() {
return {
name:''
}
},
computed:{
personList(){
return this.$store.state.personList
},
sum(){
return this.$store.state.sum
}
},
methods: {
add(){
const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name:this.name}
this.$store.commit('ADD_PERSON',personObj)
this.name = ''
}
}
}
</script>
|
效果：
5.6. 模块化+命名空间
src/store/index.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import countOptions from './count'
import personOptions from './person'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export default new Vuex.Store({
modules:{
countAbout:countOptions,
personAbout:personOptions,
}
})
|
src/store/count.js:
export default{
namespaced:true,
actions:{
addOdd(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addOdd被调用了")
if(context.state.sum % 2){
context.commit('ADD',value)
}
},
addWait(context,value){
console.log("actions中的addWait被调用了")
setTimeout(()=>{
context.commit('ADD',value)
},500)
}
},
mutations:{
ADD(state,value){
state.sum += value
},
SUBTRACT(state,value){
state.sum -= value
}
},
state:{
sum:0,
name:'JOJO',
school:'尚硅谷',
},
getters:{
bigSum(state){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
}
|
src/store/person.js:
import axios from "axios"
import { nanoid } from "nanoid"
export default{
namespaced:true,
actions:{
addPersonWang(context,value){
if(value.name.indexOf('王') === 0){
context.commit('ADD_PERSON',value)
}else{
alert('添加的人必须姓王！')
}
},
addPersonServer(context){
axios.get('http://api.uixsj.cn/hitokoto/get?type=social').then(
response => {
context.commit('ADD_PERSON',{id:nanoid(),name:response.data})
},
error => {
alert(error.message)
}
)
}
},
mutations:{
ADD_PERSON(state,value){
console.log('mutations中的ADD_PERSON被调用了')
state.personList.unshift(value)
}
},
state:{
personList:[
{id:'001',name:'JOJO'}
]
},
getters:{
firstPersonName(state){
return state.personList[0].name
}
}
}
|
src/components/Count.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>当前求和为：{{sum}}</h1>
<h3>当前求和的10倍为：{{bigSum}}</h3>
<h3>我是{{name}}，我在{{school}}学习</h3>
<h3 style="color:red">Person组件的总人数是：{{personList.length}}</h3>
<select v-model.number="n">
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button @click="increment(n)">+</button>
<button @click="decrement(n)">-</button>
<button @click="incrementOdd(n)">当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button @click="incrementWait(n)">等一等再加</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {mapState,mapGetters,mapMutations,mapActions} from 'vuex'
export default {
name:'Count',
data() {
return {
n:1, //用户选择的数字
}
},
methods: {
...mapMutations('countAbout',{increment:'ADD',decrement:'SUBTRACT'}),
...mapActions('countAbout',{incrementOdd:'addOdd',incrementWait:'addWait'})
},
computed:{
...mapState('countAbout',['sum','school','name']),
...mapGetters('countAbout',['bigSum']),
...mapState('personAbout',['personList'])
}
}
</script>
<style>
button{
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
|
src/components/Person.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h1>人员列表</h1>
<h3 style="color:red">Count组件求和为：{{sum}}</h3>
<h3>列表中第一个人的名字是：{{firstPersonName}}</h3>
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入名字" v-model="name">
<button @click="add">添加</button>
<button @click="addWang">添加一个姓王的人</button>
<button @click="addPerson">随机添加一个人</button>
<ul>
<li v-for="p in personList" :key="p.id">{{p.name}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
export default {
name:'Person',
data() {
return {
name:''
}
},
computed:{
personList(){
return this.$store.state.personAbout.personList
},
sum(){
return this.$store.state.countAbout.sum
},
firstPersonName(){
return this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName']
}
},
methods: {
add(){
const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name:this.name}
this.$store.commit('personAbout/ADD_PERSON',personObj)
this.name = ''
},
addWang(){
const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name:this.name}
this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonWang',personObj)
this.name = ''
},
addPerson(){
this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonServer')
}
},
}
</script>
|
效果：
总结：
模块化+命名空间：
目的：让代码更好维护，让多种数据分类更加明确
修改store.js：
const countAbout = {
namespaced:true,
state:{x:1},
mutations: { ... },
actions: { ... },
getters: {
bigSum(state){
return state.sum * 10
}
}
}
const personAbout = {
namespaced:true,
state:{ ... },
mutations: { ... },
actions: { ... }
}
const store = new Vuex.Store({
modules: {
countAbout,
personAbout
}
})
|
开启命名空间后，组件中读取state数据：
this.$store.state.personAbout.list
...mapState('countAbout',['sum','school','subject']),
|
开启命名空间后，组件中读取getters数据：
this.$store.getters['personAbout/firstPersonName']
...mapGetters('countAbout',['bigSum'])
|
开启命名空间后，组件中调用dispatch：
this.$store.dispatch('personAbout/addPersonWang',person)
...mapActions('countAbout',{incrementOdd:'jiaOdd',incrementWait:'jiaWait'})
|
开启命名空间后，组件中调用commit：
this.$store.commit('personAbout/ADD_PERSON',person)
...mapMutations('countAbout',{increment:'JIA',decrement:'JIAN'}),
|
6.Vue Router路由管理
6.1 相关理解
6.1.1 vue-router的理解
- vue 的一个插件库，专门用来实现==SPA 应用==
6.1.2 对SPA应用的理解
- 单页 Web 应用（single page web application，SPA）
- 整个应用==只有一个完整的页面==
- 点击页面中的导航链接==不会刷新==页面，只会做页面的==局部更新==
- 数据需要通过ajax请求获取
6.1.3 路由的理解
- 什么是路由?
- 一个路由就是一组映射关系（key - value）
- key 为路径，value 可能是 function 或 componen
- 路由分类
- 后端路由：
- 理解：value 是 function，用于处理客户端提交的请求
- 工作过程：==服务器接收到一个请求时，根据请求路径找到匹配的函数来处理请求，返回响应数据==
- 前端路由：
- 理解：value 是 component，用于展示页面内容
- 工作过程：==当浏览器的路径改变时，对应的组件就会显示==
6.2 基本路由
下载vue-router：npm i vue-router
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../components/Home'
import About from '../components/About'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
|
src/main.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import router from './router'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(VueRouter)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
router
})
|
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div class="list-group">
<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
<!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about"> About
</router-link>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
Home
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-body">
<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'App',
}
</script>
|
src/components/Home.vue:
<template>
<h2>我是Home组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
|
src/components/About.vue:
<template>
<h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'About'
}
</script>
|
总结：
安装vue-router，命令：npm i vue-router
应用插件：Vue.use(VueRouter)
编写router配置项：
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import About from '../components/About'
import Home from '../components/Home'
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
export default router
|
实现切换（active-class可配置高亮样式）：
<router-link active-class="active" to="/about">About</router-link>
|
指定展示位：<router-view></router-view>
6.3. 几个注意事项
- 路由组件通常存放在
pages文件夹，一般组件通常存放在components文件夹
- 通过切换，“隐藏”了的路由组件，默认是被销毁掉的，需要的时候再去挂载
- 每个组件都有自己的
$route属性，里面存储着自己的路由信息
- 整个应用只有一个router，可以通过组件的
$router属性获取到
修改上一节案例:
src/pages/Home.vue:
<template>
<h2>我是Home组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
|
src/pages/About.vue:
<template>
<h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'About'
}
</script>
|
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home
}
]
})
|
src/components/Banner.vue:
<template>
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Banner'
}
</script>
|
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div>
<div class="row">
<Banner/>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
<div class="list-group">
<!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
<!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
<a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
<!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">
About
</router-link>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
Home
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6">
<div class="panel">
<div class="panel-body">
<!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
export default {
name:'App',
components:{Banner}
}
</script>
|
6.4. 多级路由
src/pages/Home.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">
News
</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">
Message
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
|
src/pages/News.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>news001</li>
<li>news002</li>
<li>news003</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News'
}
</script>
|
src/pages/Message.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="/message1">message001</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/message2">message002</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/message/3">message003</a>
</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News'
}
</script>
|
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message
}
]
}
]
})
|
效果：
总结：
配置路由规则，使用children配置项：
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About,
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message
}
]
}
]
|
跳转（要写完整路径）：<router-link to="/home/news">News</router-link>
6.5. 路由的query参数
src/router.index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
path:'detail',
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
|
src/pages/Detail.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号：{{$route.query.id}}</li>
<li>消息标题：{{$route.query.title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail'
}
</script>
|
src/pages/Message.vue:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
{{m.title}}
</router-link> -->
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
path:'/home/message/detail',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
|
效果：
总结：
传递参数：
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail?id=666&title=你好">跳转</router-link>
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
path:'/home/message/detail',
query:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}">跳转</router-link>
|
接收参数：
$route.query.id
$route.query.title
|
6.6. 命名路由
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
|
src/pages/Message.vue:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">
{{m.title}}
</router-link> -->
<!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数，to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
//使用name进行跳转
name:'xiangqing',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
|
总结：
命名路由：
作用：可以简化路由的跳转
如何使用：
给路由命名：
{
path:'/demo',
component:Demo,
children:[
{
path:'test',
component:Test,
children:[
{
name:'hello'
path:'welcome',
component:Hello,
}
]
}
]
}
|
简化跳转：
<!--简化前，需要写完整的路径 -->
<router-link to="/demo/test/welcome">跳转</router-link>
<!--简化后，直接通过名字跳转 -->
<router-link :to="{name:'hello'}">跳转</router-link>
<!--简化写法配合传递参数 -->
<router-link
:to="{
name:'hello',
query:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转</router-link>
|
6.7. 路由的params参数
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title',
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
|
src/pages/Message.vue:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail/${m.id}/${m.title}`">
{{m.title}}
</router-link> -->
<!-- 跳转路由并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
<router-link :to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
|
src/pages/Detail.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号：{{$route.params.id}}</li>
<li>消息标题：{{$route.params.title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail'
}
</script>
|
总结：
配置路由，声明接收params参数：
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title',
component:Detail
}
]
}
]
}
|
传递参数：
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link :to="/home/message/detail/666/你好">跳转</router-link>
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数，to的对象写法 -->
<router-link
:to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:666,
title:'你好'
}
}"
>跳转</router-link>
|
特别注意：路由携带params参数时，若使用to的对象写法，则不能使用path配置项，必须使用name配置！
接收参数：
$route.params.id
$route.params.title
|
6.8. 路由的props配置
src/pages/Message.vue:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<router-link :to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
}
}
</script>
|
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id/:title',
component:Detail,
props($route){
return {
id:$route.params.id,
title:$route.params.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
|
src/pages/Detail.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号：{{id}}</li>
<li>消息标题：{{title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail',
props:['id','title']
}
</script>
|
总结：
作用：让路由组件更方便的收到参数
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail/:id',
component:Detail,
props(route){
return {
id:route.query.id,
title:route.query.title
}
}
}
|
6.9. 路由跳转的replace方法
src/pages/Home.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
12345678910111213141516171819202122
|
总结：
- 作用：==控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式==
- 浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式：
push和replace，其中push是追加历史记录，replace是替换当前记录。路由跳转时候默认为push方式
- 开启
replace模式：<router-link replace ...>News</router-link>
6.10. 编程式路由导航
src/components/Banner.vue:
<template>
<div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
<div class="page-header">
<h2>Vue Router Demo</h2>
<button @click="back">后退</button>
<button @click="forward">前进</button>
<button @click="test">测试一下go</button>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Banner',
methods:{
back(){
this.$router.back()
},
forward(){
this.$router.forward()
},
test(){
this.$router.go(3)
}
},
}
</script>
|
src/pages/Message.vue:
<template>
<div>
<ul>
<li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
<router-link :to="{
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
}">
{{m.title}}
</router-link>
<button @click="showPush(m)">push查看</button>
<button @click="showReplace(m)">replace查看</button>
</li>
</ul>
<hr/>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
messageList:[
{id:'001',title:'消息001'},
{id:'002',title:'消息002'},
{id:'003',title:'消息003'}
]
}
},
methods:{
showPush(m){
this.$router.push({
name:'xiangqing',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
})
},
showReplace(m){
this.$router.replace({
name:'xiangqing',
query:{
id:m.id,
title:m.title
}
})
}
}
}
</script>
|
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
path:'/about',
component:About
},
{
path:'/home',
component:Home,
children:[
{
path:'news',
component:News
},
{
path:'message',
component:Message,
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
|
src/pages/Detail.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>消息编号：{{id}}</li>
<li>消息标题：{{title}}</li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Detail',
props:['id','title']
}
</script>
|
效果：
总结：
作用：不借助<router-link>实现路由跳转，让路由跳转更加灵活
具体编码：
this.$router.push({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.replace({
name:'xiangqing',
params:{
id:xxx,
title:xxx
}
})
this.$router.forward()
this.$router.back()
this.$router.go()
|
6.11. 缓存路由组件
src/pages/News.vue:
<template>
<ul>
<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News'
}
</script>
|
src/pages/Home.vue:
<template>
<div>
<h2>Home组件内容</h2>
<div>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
</li>
<li>
<router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
</li>
</ul>
<keep-alive include="News">
<router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'Home'
}
</script>
|
效果：
总结：
作用：==让不展示的路由组件保持挂载，不被销毁==
具体编码：
//缓存一个路由组件
<keep-alive include="News"> //include中写想要缓存的组件名，不写表示全部缓存
<router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>
//缓存多个路由组件
<keep-alive :include="['News','Message']">
<router-view></router-view>
</keep-alive>
|
6.12. activated和deactivated
`src/pages/News.vue`:
1
<template>
<ul>
<li :style="{opacity}">欢迎学习vue</li>
<li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
<li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
</ul>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'News',
data(){
return{
opacity:1
}
},
activated(){
console.log('News组件被激活了')
this.timer = setInterval(() => {
this.opacity -= 0.01
if(this.opacity <= 0) this.opacity = 1
},16)
},
deactivated(){
console.log('News组件失活了')
clearInterval(this.timer)
}
}
</script>
|
效果：
总结：
activated和deactivated是路由组件所独有的两个钩子，用于捕获路由组件的激活状态- 具体使用：
activated路由组件被激活时触发deactivated路由组件失活时触发
6.13. 路由守卫
6.13.1. 全局路由守卫
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
name:'guanyv',
path:'/about',
component:About,
meta:{title:'关于'}
},
{
name:'zhuye',
path:'/home',
component:Home,
meta:{title:'主页'},
children:[
{
name:'xinwen',
path:'news',
component:News,
meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'}
},
{
name:'xiaoxi',
path:'message',
component:Message,
meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
router.beforeEach((to,from,next) => {
console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){
if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
}
}else{
next()
}
})
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})
export default router
|
6.13.2. 独享路由守卫
src/router/index.js:
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
import Home from '../pages/Home'
import About from '../pages/About'
import News from '../pages/News'
import Message from '../pages/Message'
import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
const router = new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
name:'guanyv',
path:'/about',
component:About,
meta:{title:'关于'}
},
{
name:'zhuye',
path:'/home',
component:Home,
meta:{title:'主页'},
children:[
{
name:'xinwen',
path:'news',
component:News,
meta:{title:'新闻'},
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('独享路由守卫',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}
},
{
name:'xiaoxi',
path:'message',
component:Message,
meta:{title:'消息'},
children:[
{
name:'xiangqing',
path:'detail',
component:Detail,
meta:{title:'详情'},
props($route){
return {
id:$route.query.id,
title:$route.query.title,
}
}
}
]
}
]
}
]
})
router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
document.title = to.meta.title || '硅谷系统'
})
export default router
|
6.13.3. 组件内路由守卫
src/pages/About.vue:
<template>
<h2>我是About组件的内容</h2>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'About',
//通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {
console.log('About--beforeRouteEnter',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('学校名不对，无权限查看！')
}
},
//通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {
console.log('About--beforeRouteLeave',to,from)
next()
}
}
</script>
|
总结：
作用：对路由进行权限控制
分类：全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫
全局守卫：
router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
console.log('beforeEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.isAuth){
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}else{
next()
}
})
router.afterEach((to,from) => {
console.log('afterEach',to,from)
if(to.meta.title){
document.title = to.meta.title
}else{
document.title = 'vue_test'
}
})
|
独享守卫：
beforeEnter(to,from,next){
console.log('beforeEnter',to,from)
if(localStorage.getItem('school') === 'atguigu'){
next()
}else{
alert('暂无权限查看')
}
}
|
组件内守卫：
beforeRouteEnter (to, from, next) {...},
beforeRouteLeave (to, from, next) {...},
|
6.14. 路由器的两种工作模式
- 对于一个url来说，什么是hash值？—— #及其后面的内容就是hash值
- hash值不会包含在 HTTP 请求中，即：hash值不会带给服务器
- hash模式：
- 地址中永远带着#号，不美观
- 若以后将地址通过第三方手机app分享，若app校验严格，则地址会被标记为不合法
- 兼容性较好
- history模式：
- 地址干净，美观
- 兼容性和hash模式相比略差
- 应用部署上线时需要后端人员支持，解决刷新页面服务端404的问题
7.Vue UI组件库
7.1 常用UI组件库
7.1.1 移动端常用UI组件库
- Vant
- Cube UI
- Mint UI
7.1.2. PC端常用UI组件库
- Element UI
- IView UI
7.2. element-ui基本使用
安装 element-ui：npm i element-ui -S
src/main.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.use(ElementUI)
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
})
|
src/App.vue:
<template>
<div>
<br>
<el-row>
<el-button icon="el-icon-search" circle></el-button>
<el-button type="primary" icon="el-icon-edit" circle></el-button>
<el-button type="success" icon="el-icon-check" circle></el-button>
<el-button type="info" icon="el-icon-message" circle></el-button>
<el-button type="warning" icon="el-icon-star-off" circle></el-button>
<el-button type="danger" icon="el-icon-delete" circle></el-button>
</el-row>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name:'App',
}
</script>
|
7.3. element-ui按需引入
安装 babel-plugin-component：npm install babel-plugin-component -D
修改 babel-config-js：
module.exports = {
presets: [
'@vue/cli-plugin-babel/preset',
["@babel/preset-env", { "modules": false }]
],
plugins: [
[
"component",
{
"libraryName": "element-ui",
"styleLibraryName": "theme-chalk"
}
]
]
}
|
src/main.js:
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import { Button,Row } from 'element-ui'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
Vue.component(Button.name, Button);
Vue.component(Row.name, Row);
new Vue({
el:"#app",
render: h => h(App),
})
|
8.Vue 3
完结撒花~
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